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The dominant technology for abiological nitrogen fixation is the Haber process, which uses iron-based heterogeneous catalysts and H 2 to convert N 2 to NH 3. This article focuses on homogeneous (soluble) catalysts for the same or similar conversions.
The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2 ) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed during the twentieth ...
Fritz Haber (German: [ˈfʁɪt͡s ˈhaːbɐ] ⓘ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
Robert Le Rossignol (27 April 1884 – 26 June 1976) was a British chemist. He is most known for his work with Fritz Haber on the fixation of nitrogen from atmospheric air, the Haber process.
Carl Bosch (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈbɔʃ] ⓘ; 27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. [2] He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company.
The National Inventors Hall of Fame is an American not-for-profit organization, founded in 1973, which recognizes individual engineers and inventors who hold a U.S. patent of significant technology. As of 2020, 603 inventors have been inducted, mostly constituting historic persons from the past three centuries, but including about 100 living ...
Born–Haber cycles are used primarily as a means of calculating lattice energy (or more precisely enthalpy [note 1]), which cannot otherwise be measured directly. The lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change involved in the formation of an ionic compound from gaseous ions (an exothermic process ), or sometimes defined as the energy to break the ...