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2. Naive set theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_set_theory

   For example, Cantor's verbatim definition allows for considerable freedom in what constitutes a set. On the other hand, it is unlikely that Cantor was particularly interested in sets containing cats and dogs, but rather only in sets containing purely mathematical objects. An example of such a class of sets could be the von Neumann universe. But ...

3. Inclusion–exclusion principle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion–exclusion...

   Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as

4. Complement (set theory) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(set_theory)

   If A is a set, then the absolute complement of A (or simply the complement of A) is the set of elements not in A (within a larger set that is implicitly defined). In other words, let U be a set that contains all the elements under study; if there is no need to mention U, either because it has been previously specified, or it is obvious and unique, then the absolute complement of A is the ...

5. Mathematical diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_diagram

   A Venn diagram is a representation of mathematical sets: a mathematical diagram representing sets as circles, with their relationships to each other expressed through their overlapping positions, so that all possible relationships between the sets are shown. [4]

6. Venn diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram

   A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.

7. Symmetric difference - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference

   Venn diagram of = . The symmetric difference is equivalent to the union of both relative complements, that is: [1] = (), The symmetric difference can also be expressed using the XOR operation ⊕ on the predicates describing the two sets in set-builder notation: