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The Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae and is closely related to the black drum (Pogonias cromis), the silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), the spot croaker (Leiostomus xanthurus), the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and the weakfish (Cynoscion regalis).
The spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), also known commonly as the spot croaker, [1] Norfolk spot [2] and the Virginia spot, is a species of small short-lived saltwater fish in the family Sciaenidae. The species inhabits estuary and coastal waters from Massachusetts to Texas , and derives its name from the prominent dark spot behind each gill .
However, a large proportion of the catch is not reported at species level; in the FAO fishery statistics, the category "Croakers, drums, not elsewhere included", is the largest one within sciaenids, with annual landings of 431,000–780,000 tonnes in 2000–2009, most of which were reported from the western Indian Ocean (FAO fishing area 51 ...
Micropogonias croakers have an elongated body, with a high dorsal profile and an almost flat ventral surface and a conical head. The preoperculum has between 10 and 14 spines on its margin with between 2 and 5 robust spines at its angle.
Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus)-Also known as mossbunker. This fish is a success story. In the 1940s and 1950s, the waters of the Estuary were very badly polluted and had been polluted since at least the mid 19th century.
Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) is a commission of U.S. states formed to coordinate and manage fishery resources—including marine fish, shellfish, and anadromous fish (migratory fish that ascended rivers from the sea for spawning)—along the Atlantic coast of the United States.
The Atlantic croaker is an important food source for the sand devil. The sand devil is an ambush predator that spends much time buried in the bottom sediment . Its diet consists mainly of demersal teleost fishes such as croakers , goatfishes , and butterfishes .
Odontoscion dentex, the reef croaker or brown large-eyed croaker, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers.It is found in coral and rocky reefs of the tropical Western Atlantic, living as solitary individuals or in small groups at a depth of 1 to 30 m (3 ft 3 in to 98 ft 5 in).