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A database shard, or simply a shard, is a horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine. Each shard may be held on a separate database server instance, to spread load. Some data within a database remains present in all shards, [a] but some appear only in a single shard. Each shard (or server) acts as the single source for this ...
A plan node encapsulates a single operation that is required to execute the query. The nodes are arranged as a tree, in which intermediate results flow from the bottom of the tree to the top. Each node has zero or more child nodes—those are nodes whose output is fed as input to the parent node.
Database partitioning refers to intentionally breaking a large database into smaller ones for scalability purposes, distinct from network partitions which are a type of network fault between nodes. [1] In a partitioned database, each piece of data belongs to exactly one partition, effectively making each partition a small database of its own. [1]
Relational database management systems such as IBM Db2, [11] Informix, [11] Microsoft SQL Server, [11] Oracle 8, [11] Sybase ASE, [11] and SQLite [14] support this type of tree for table indices, though each such system implements the basic B+ tree structure with variations and extensions.
The relational algebra uses set union, set difference, and Cartesian product from set theory, and adds additional constraints to these operators to create new ones.. For set union and set difference, the two relations involved must be union-compatible—that is, the two relations must have the same set of attributes.
The interpolant takes the form of a weighted sum of radial basis functions. [1] [2] RBF interpolation is a mesh-free method, meaning the nodes (points in the domain) need not lie on a structured grid, and does not require the formation of a mesh. It is often spectrally accurate [3] and stable for large numbers of nodes even in high dimensions.
A radial function is a function : [,).When paired with a norm on a vector space ‖ ‖: [,), a function of the form = (‖ ‖) is said to be a radial kernel centered at .A radial function and the associated radial kernels are said to be radial basis functions if, for any finite set of nodes {} =, all of the following conditions are true:
The nested set model is a technique for representing nested set collections (also known as trees or hierarchies) in relational databases.. It is based on Nested Intervals, that "are immune to hierarchy reorganization problem, and allow answering ancestor path hierarchical queries algorithmically — without accessing the stored hierarchy relation".