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Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organisations and all activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services.It encompasses how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour.
A major deficiency of the AIDA model and other hierarchical models is the absence of post-purchase effects such as satisfaction, consumption, repeat patronage behaviour and other post-purchase behavioural intentions such as referrals or participating in the preparation of online product reviews. [10]
Goods are items that are usually (but not always) tangible, such as pens or apples. Services are activities provided by other people, such as teachers or barbers.Taken together, it is the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services which underpins all economic activity and trade.
A product refers to an item that satisfies the consumer's needs or wants. Products may be tangible (goods) or intangible (services, ideas, or experiences). Product design – features, quality; Product assortment – product range, product mix, product lines; Branding; Packaging and labeling
Search goods are more subject to substitution and price competition, as consumers can easily verify the price of the product and alternatives at other outlets and make sure that the products are comparable. Branding and detailed product specifications act to transform a product from an experience good into a search good.
According to VALS 2, a consumer purchases certain products and services because the individual is a specific type of person. The purchase is believed to reflect a consumer's lifestyle, which is a function of self–orientation and resources. In 1991, the name VALS2 was switched back to VALS, because of brand equity. [4]
Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), also known as consumer packaged goods (CPG) [1] or convenience goods, are products that are sold quickly and at a relatively low cost. Examples include non-durable household goods such as packaged foods , beverages , toiletries , candies , cosmetics , over-the-counter drugs , dry goods , and other consumables .
Vertical product differentiation can be measured objectively by a consumer. For example, when comparing two similar products, the quality and price can clearly be identified and ranked by the customer. If both A and B products have the same price to the consumer, then the market share for each one will be positive, according to the Hotelling ...