Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Eugen Goldstein (/ ˈ ɔɪ ɡ ən / OY-gən, German: [ˈɔʏɡeːn ˈɡɔlt.ʃtaɪn, ˈɔʏɡn̩-]; 5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist.He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays or canal rays, later identified as positive ions in the gas phase including the hydrogen ion.
Applying Thomson's equations described above to an alpha particle colliding with a gold atom, using the following values: q g = positive charge of the gold atom = 79 q e = 1.26 × 10 −17 C; q a = charge of the alpha particle = 2 q e = 3.20 × 10 −19 C; q e = elementary charge = 1.602 × 10 −19 C; R = radius of the gold atom = 1.44 × 10 ...
The chemical elements were discovered in identified minerals and with the help of the identified elements the mineral crystal structure could be described. One milestone was the discovery of the geometrical law of crystallization by René Just Haüy , a further development of the work by Nicolas Steno and Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle (the ...
Candle moulding machine in Indonesia circa 1920. Candle making was developed independently in a number of countries around the world. [1]Candles were primarily made from tallow and beeswax in Europe from the Roman period until the modern era, when spermaceti (from sperm whales) was used in the 18th and 19th centuries, [2] and purified animal fats and paraffin wax since the 19th century. [1]
Wax candle. Waxes such as paraffin wax or beeswax, and hard fats such as tallow are used to make candles, used for lighting and decoration. Another fuel type used in candle manufacturing includes soy. Soy wax is made by the hydrogenation process using soybean oil.
The earliest gold metallurgy is known from the Varna culture in Bulgaria, dating from c. 4600 BC. [6] Silver, copper, tin and meteoric iron can also be found native, allowing a limited amount of metalworking in ancient cultures. [7] Egyptian weapons made from meteoric iron in about 3000 BC were highly prized as "daggers from Heaven". [8]
The earliest gold artifacts were discovered at the site of Wadi Qana in the Levant. [13] Silver is estimated to have been discovered in Asia Minor shortly after copper and gold. [14] There is evidence that iron was known from before 5000 BC. [15] The oldest known iron objects used by humans are some beads of meteoric iron, made in Egypt in ...
It is used in various ion channel electrophysiology experiments to block sodium leak channels and stretch activated ion channels. [69] Gadolinium has recently been used to measure the distance between two points in a protein via electron paramagnetic resonance , something that gadolinium is especially amenable to thanks to EPR sensitivity at w ...