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  2. Head of state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state

    A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state. [1] The name given to the office of head of state depends on the country's form of government and any separation of powers; the powers of the office in each country range from being also the head of government to being little more than a ceremonial figurehead.

  3. Head of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government

    The most common title for a head of government is Prime Minister.This is used as a formal title in many states, but may also be an informal generic term to refer to whichever office is considered the principal minister under an otherwise styled head of state, as minister—Latin for servants or subordinates—is a common title for members of a government (but many other titles are in use, e.g ...

  4. Parliamentary system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system

    Countries with parliamentary systems may be constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament, or parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is from the legislature. In a few countries, the head ...

  5. Governor (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_(United_States)

    Each state has its own constitution, grounded in republican principles, and government, consisting of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. [3] Also, due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. [4]

  6. Presidential system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_system

    The separation of the executive and the legislature is the key difference between a presidential system and a parliamentary system. The presidential system elects a head of government independently of the legislature, while in contrast, the head of government in a parliamentary system answers directly to the legislature.

  7. Parliamentary republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_republic

    However, in a parliamentary republic with a head of state whose tenure is dependent on parliament, the head of government and head of state can form one office (as in Botswana, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, and South Africa), but the president is still selected in much the same way as the prime minister is in most Westminster systems. This ...

  8. List of current heads of state and government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of...

    In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state. In one-party states , the ruling party 's leader (e.g. the General Secretary ) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency ...

  9. Prime minister - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_minister

    The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose head of government's title is Federal Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. A stand-out case is the president of Iran, who is not actually a head of ...