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  2. Chloralkali process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloralkali_process

    A diluted caustic brine leaves the cell. The caustic soda must usually be concentrated to 50% and the salt removed. This is done using an evaporative process with about three tonnes of steam per tonne of caustic soda. The salt separated from the caustic brine can be used to saturate diluted brine. The chlorine contains oxygen and must often be ...

  3. Falling film evaporator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_film_evaporator

    In all cases, the process fluid to be evaporated flows downwards by gravity as a continuous film. The fluid will create a film along the tube walls, progressing downwards (falling) - hence the name. The fluid distributor has to be designed carefully in order to maintain an even liquid distribution for all tubes along which the solution falls.

  4. Sodium hydroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide

    Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...

  5. Zero liquid discharge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Liquid_Discharge

    A Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) process diagram that highlights how wastewater from an industrial process is converted to solids and treated water for reuse via a ZLD plant. Concept of ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a classification of water treatment processes intended to reduce wastewater efficiently and produce clean water that is suitable ...

  6. Chlorine production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine_production

    Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution (), which is known as the Chloralkali process.The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2).

  7. Circulation evaporator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_evaporator

    The main process characteristics are those based around evaporation specifically through heat exchange and pressure manipulation. It is a flash separation procedure that includes the heating of a base liquid mixture and forced circulation through the system via pumping.

  8. Alkali manufacture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_manufacture

    Efficiency improvements have reduced 'waste' in the process to a minimum. The only way in which the Leblanc process could still hold its own was by being turned in the direction of making caustic soda, to which it lends itself more easily than the ammonia-soda process; but the latter has invaded even this field. One advantage, however, still ...

  9. Caustic embrittlement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic_embrittlement

    White caustic deposits can be seen inside. As water evaporates in the boiler, the concentration of sodium carbonate increases in the boiler. In high pressure boilers, sodium carbonate is used in softening of water by lime soda process, due to this some sodium carbonate maybe left behind in the water.