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The code-rate is hence a real number. A low code-rate close to zero implies a strong code that uses many redundant bits to achieve a good performance, while a large code-rate close to 1 implies a weak code. The redundant bits that protect the information have to be transferred using the same communication resources that they are trying to protect.
There are many different erasure coding schemes. The most popular erasure codes are Reed-Solomon coding, Low-density parity-check code (LDPC codes), and Turbo codes. [1] As of 2023, modern data storage systems can be designed to tolerate the complete failure of a few disks without data loss, using one of 3 approaches: [2] [3] [4] Replication; RAID
The LDPC code, in contrast, uses many low depth constituent codes (accumulators) in parallel, each of which encode only a small portion of the input frame. The many constituent codes can be viewed as many low depth (2 state) "convolutional codes" that are connected via the repeat and distribute operations. The repeat and distribute operations ...
The red curve shows the power in the load, normalized relative to its maximum possible. The dark blue curve shows the efficiency η. The efficiency η is the ratio of the power dissipated by the load resistance R L to the total power dissipated by the circuit (which includes the voltage source's resistance of R S as well as R L):
A large data-center-scale UPS being installed by electricians. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or uninterruptible power source is a type of continual power system that provides automated backup electric power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails.
The values of the resistors are selected such that R 1 gives the highest load resistance, R 1 ||R 2 gives the nominal load resistance and either R 1 ||R 2 ||R 3 or R 2 ||R 3 gives the lowest load resistance. A voltmeter is then connected in parallel to the resistors and the measured values of voltage for each load state can be used to calculate ...
At any instant the power input to a machine is equal to the input force multiplied by the velocity of the input point, similarly the power output is equal to the force exerted on the load multiplied by the velocity of the load. The mechanical efficiency of a machine (often represented by the Greek letter eta η) is a dimensionless number ...
This definition is normalized so that () = for 2-PAM or (2×2)-QAM. If the average number of nearest neighbors per transmitted bit K b ( A ) {\displaystyle K_{b}(A)} is equal to one, the effective coding gain γ e f f ( A ) {\displaystyle \gamma _{\mathrm {eff} }(A)} is approximately equal to the nominal coding gain γ c ( A ) {\displaystyle ...