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  2. Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crust

    Plates in the crust of Earth. Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth 's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. [1] The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates ...

  3. Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

    Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust.

  4. Tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonics

    Tectonics (from Latin tectonicus; from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building ') [1] are the processes that result in the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time. [2][3] These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of ...

  5. Internal structure of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_Earth

    Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km (760 mi), which is about 19% of Earth's radius [0.7% of volume] or 70% of the Moon 's radius. [32][33] The inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally composed primarily of iron and some nickel.

  6. Geological history of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth

    The geological history of the Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left ...

  7. Abundance of elements in Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in...

    Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number; [5] siderophiles shown in yellow. Graphs of abundance against atomic number can reveal patterns relating abundance to stellar nucleosynthesis and geochemistry. The alternation of abundance between even and odd atomic number is ...

  8. 2023–2024 Sundhnúkur eruptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023–2024_Sundhnúkur...

    The 2023–2024 Sundhnúkur eruptions (Icelandic: Eldgosin við Sundhnúksgíga 2023–2024) are an ongoing series of volcanic eruptions in the Reykjanes Peninsula, near the town of Grindavík, Iceland. As of 23 August 2024, there have been six eruptions between December 2023 and August 2024, following an intense series of earthquakes.

  9. Earth's crustal evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crustal_evolution

    Earth's crustal evolution involves the formation, destruction and renewal of the rocky outer shell at that planet 's surface. The variation in composition within the Earth's crust is much greater than that of other terrestrial planets. Mars, Venus, Mercury and other planetary bodies have relatively quasi-uniform crusts unlike that of the Earth ...