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The theory that those with high self-esteem maintain this high level by rating themselves highly is not without merit—studies involving non-depressed college students found that they thought they had more control over positive outcomes compared to their peers, even when controlling for performance. [49]
The different attainments of student's performance – success or failure – which come from one's ability or effort have various implications on student's self-esteem and feelings. [13] Success resulted from one's high ability and capability leads to the sense of self-esteem and feeling of pride. [13]
These feelings translate into later effects on self-esteem as the child grows older. [38] Students in elementary school who have high self-esteem tend to have authoritative parents who are caring, supportive adults who set clear standards for their child and allow them to voice their opinion in decision making.
Individuals with higher self-esteem are thought to have more to protect in their self-image, and therefore exhibit the self-serving bias more often than those individuals with lower self-esteem. [2] In a study, participants who were induced to feel the emotions of guilt or revulsion were less likely to make self-serving attributions for success ...
The most common approach to measuring the Dunning–Kruger effect is to compare self-assessment with objective performance. The self-assessment is sometimes called subjective ability in contrast to the objective ability corresponding to the actual performance. [7] The self-assessment may be done before or after the performance. [9]
Very high levels of core self-evaluations, a stable personality trait composed of locus of control, neuroticism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem, [43] may lead to the overconfidence effect. People who have high core self-evaluations will think positively of themselves and be confident in their own abilities, [43] although extremely high levels ...
Self-perceived similarities with role models on social media can also affect self-esteem for both men and women. Having more self-perceived similarities with a role model can help increase self-esteem, while having less can decrease self-esteem. [39] Social comparison with peers on social media can also lead to feelings of self-pity or ...
A study published in the year 2017 showed that self-esteem had a negative effect on self-handicapping. They found that when it came to mastery goals there was a positive effect resulting from self-esteem. It also suggested that there was a negative effect on performance-avoidance goals when it came to self-esteem.