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String cosmology is a relatively new field that tries to apply equations of string theory to solve the questions of early cosmology. A related area of study is brane cosmology . Overview
String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions. The starting point for string theory is the idea that the point-like particles of particle physics can also be modeled as one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how strings propagate through space and interact with each other.
In physics, the Polyakov action is an action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory describing the worldsheet of a string in string theory.It was introduced by Stanley Deser and Bruno Zumino and independently by L. Brink, P. Di Vecchia and P. S. Howe in 1976, [1] [2] and has become associated with Alexander Polyakov after he made use of it in quantizing the string in 1981. [3]
This is how Gabriele Veneziano and many others constructed string theory, which remains the only theory constructed from general consistency conditions and mild assumptions on the spectrum. Many in the bootstrap community believed that field theory, which was plagued by problems of definition, was fundamentally inconsistent at high energies.
In 1974, Joël Scherk and John Schwarz suggested that string theory was therefore not a theory of nuclear physics as many theorists had thought but instead a theory of quantum gravity. [53] At the same time, it was realized that hadrons are actually made of quarks, and the string theory approach was abandoned in favor of quantum chromodynamics.
String phenomenology is a branch of theoretical physics that uses tools from mathematics and computer science to study the implications of string theory for particle physics and cosmology. In cosmology, string phenomenology studies, among others, implications of string theory for inflation , dark matter and dark energy .
In mathematics, and more specifically in partial differential equations, Duhamel's principle is a general method for obtaining solutions to inhomogeneous linear evolution equations like the heat equation, wave equation, and vibrating plate equation.
In string theory, a worldsheet is a two-dimensional manifold which describes the embedding of a string in spacetime. [1] The term was coined by Leonard Susskind [2] as a direct generalization of the world line concept for a point particle in special and general relativity.