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The objective of knock control strategies is to attempt to optimize the trade-off between protecting the engine from damaging knock events and maximizing the engine's output torque. Knock events are an independent random process. [8] It is impossible to design knock controllers in a deterministic platform. A single time history simulation or ...
To detect knock, a piezoelectric knock sensor (basically a microphone) bolted to the engine block responds to unique frequencies caused by engine knock. The sensor generates a small voltage that is sent to the electronic control unit , which processes the signal to determine if, in fact, knock is occurring.
The 3S-FE engine is fitted with a cast iron crankshaft, whereas the 3S-GE/GELU engines have forged crankshafts. [11] The 3S-FSE was a direct injection engine with Toyota D4 system. A cam driven high pressure fuel pump is at the #4 end of the head. This engine was only released in Japan, and installed in the Camry (Windom).
The ML 2.1 system integrates an advanced engine management with 2 knock sensors, provision for adaptive fuel & timing adjustment, purge canister control, precision sequential fuel control and diagnostics (pre OBD-1). Fuel enrichment during cold-start is achieved by altering the timing of the main injectors based on engine temperature.
KA24DE Engine in an S14 240SX The 2.4 L (2,389 cc) KA24DE was used in many Nissan cars and trucks. Most KA24DEs bound for the US were built in the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico , with the exceptions of the 240SX, 1994-97 Altima (re-badged Bluebird SSS), and the U13 Bluebird released in Australia with FWD configuration, which were manufactured ...
LSPI events are random and infrequent, and their effects on impacted vehicles can include very high-pressure spikes, loud knocking noises and sometimes catastrophic engine damage. [4] It's commonly known as "Detonation or Knock". Engine management systems can overcome pre ignition by the means of a knock or detonation sensor.
The engine was known for its substantial increase in power delivery above 4000 rpm relative to the unmodified version; in recent years, the engine has become a popular choice as a replacement engine for the Ford Sierra XR4x4 and XR4i. An improved version of this engine (code BOB) was available in the restyled 1995 Ford Scorpio.
The reduced engine speeds allow more time for autoignition chemistry to complete thus promoting the possibility of pre-ignition and so called "mega-knock". Under these circumstances, there is still significant debate as to the sources of the pre-ignition event. [3] Pre-ignition and engine knock both sharply increase combustion chamber temperatures.