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  2. Device configuration overlay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_configuration_overlay

    Device configuration overlay (DCO) is a hidden area on many of today's hard disk drives (HDDs). Usually when information is stored in either the DCO or host protected area (HPA), it is not accessible by the BIOS (or UEFI), OS, or the user. However, certain tools can be used to modify the HPA or DCO.

  3. Host protected area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_protected_area

    Some vendor-specific external drive enclosures (e.g. Maxtor, owned by Seagate since 2006) are known to use HPA to limit the capacity of unknown replacement hard drives installed into the enclosure. When this occurs, the drive may appear to be limited in size (e.g. 128 GB), which can look like a BIOS or dynamic drive overlay (DDO) problem.

  4. Write protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_protection

    An example of a USB flash drive that supported write protection via a switch is the Transcend JetFlash series. Secure Digital (SD) cards have a write-protect tab on the left side. Extensively, media that, by means of design, can't operate outside from this mode: CD-R , DVD-R , Vinyl records , etc.

  5. Data erasure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_erasure

    New flash memory-based media implementations, such as solid-state drives or USB flash drives, can cause data erasure techniques to fail allowing remnant data to be recoverable. [1] Software-based overwriting uses a software application to write a stream of zeros, ones or meaningless pseudorandom data onto all sectors of a hard disk drive.

  6. Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis...

    Drives do not support all attribute codes (sometimes abbreviated as "ID", for "identifier", in tables). Some codes are specific to particular drive types (magnetic platter, flash, SSD). Drives may use different codes for the same parameter, e.g., see codes 193 and 225.

  7. NTFS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS

    [71] [72] Flash memory, such as SSD drives do not have the head movement delays and high access time of mechanical hard disk drives, so fragmentation has only a smaller penalty. If system files that are needed at boot time (such as drivers, NTLDR, winload.exe, or BOOTMGR) are compressed, the system may fail to boot correctly, because ...

  8. ReFS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReFS

    If it is a volume formatted with ReFS v1, it cannot be booted with ReFS. [18] Starting with Windows 11 build 22621.2338, ReFS is re-introduced via a Dev Drive feature; allowing fixed storage drives and VHDs to be formatted as ReFS, with special file and Microsoft Defender policies added during use.

  9. Write once read many - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_once_read_many

    WORM drives preceded the invention of the CD-R, DVD-R and BD-R.An example was the IBM 3363. [1] These drives typically used either a 5.1 in (13 cm) or a 12 in (30 cm) disc in a cartridge, with an ablative optical layer that could be written to only once, and were often used in places like libraries that needed to store large amounts of data.