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The largest civil litigation settlement in U.S. history occurred in 1998 between the attorneys general of 46 states, Washington, D.C., and five U.S. territories, and the nation's four largest ...
In mathematics, a character sum is a sum () of values of a Dirichlet character χ modulo N, taken over a given range of values of n.Such sums are basic in a number of questions, for example in the distribution of quadratic residues, and in particular in the classical question of finding an upper bound for the least quadratic non-residue modulo N.
Thus, the Ramanujan sum c q (n) is the sum of the n-th powers of the primitive q-th roots of unity. It is a fact [3] that the powers of ζ q are precisely the primitive roots for all the divisors of q. Example. Let q = 12. Then
William "Bill" Shannon Lerach (born March 14, 1946, [1] Ohio River Valley, [2] Midwestern United States) is an American disbarred lawyer who specialized in private Securities Class Action lawsuits. The $7.12 billion he obtained as the lead plaintiff's attorney in the case against Enron is currently the largest sum ever recovered in a group of ...
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Stephen Robert Clark Sr. (born 1966) [1] is the chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri. He is the ...
If a character of the finite group G is restricted to a subgroup H, then the result is also a character of H. Every character value χ(g) is a sum of n m-th roots of unity, where n is the degree (that is, the dimension of the associated vector space) of the representation with character χ and m is the order of g.
In mathematics and the field of number theory, the Landau–Ramanujan constant is the positive real number b that occurs in a theorem proved by Edmund Landau in 1908, [1] stating that for large , the number of positive integers below that are the sum of two square numbers behaves asymptotically as