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Spasmodic torticollis is an extremely painful chronic neurological movement disorder causing the neck to involuntarily turn to the left, right, upwards, and/or downwards. The condition is also referred to as "cervical dystonia ".
Torticollis is a fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation, with flexion or extension of the head and/or neck. The type of torticollis can be described depending on the positions of the head and neck. [1] [3] [4] laterocollis: the head is tipped toward the shoulder; rotational torticollis: the head rotates along the longitudinal axis towards the shoulder [5]
The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) in a two-week-old female, with extension of the left extremities and flexion of the right. The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans that normally vanishes around 6 months of age.
The first part of the stabilization procedure is achieving a pain free full range of motion which can be accomplished through stretching exercises. Subsequently, a strengthening exercise program should be designed to restore the deconditioned cervical , shoulder girdle , and upper trunk musculature. [ 22 ]
Nerve glide, also known as nerve flossing or nerve stretching, is an exercise that stretches nerves. It facilitates the smooth and regular movement of peripheral nerves in the body. It allows the nerve to glide freely along with the movement of the joint and relax the nerve from compression.
Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia DYT19 611031: probably PRRT2: 16q13-q22.1 Episodic kinesigenic dyskinesia 2, probably synonymous with DYT10 DYT20 611147: unknown 2q31 Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia 2 DYT21 614588: unknown 2q14.3-q21.3 Late-onset torsion dystonia DYT24 610110: ANO3 [11] 11p14.2
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Contraction of the muscle gives rise to a condition called torticollis or wry neck, and this can have a number of causes. Torticollis gives the appearance of a tilted head on the side involved. Treatment involves physiotherapy exercises to stretch the involved muscle and strengthen the muscle on the opposite side of the neck.