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Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
m 3 s −1 [L] 3 [T] −1: Mass current per unit volume: ... ρ f = Mass density of the fluid; V imm = Immersed volume of body in fluid; F b = Buoyant force; F g ...
Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] =, where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume , [ 2 ] although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more ...
Mass flow rate is defined by the limit [3] [4] ˙ = =, i.e., the flow of mass through a surface per time .. The overdot on ˙ is Newton's notation for a time derivative.Since mass is a scalar quantity, the mass flow rate (the time derivative of mass) is also a scalar quantity.
In most contexts a mention of rate of fluid flow is likely to refer to the volumetric rate. In hydrometry , the volumetric flow rate is known as discharge . Volumetric flow rate should not be confused with volumetric flux , as defined by Darcy's law and represented by the symbol q , with units of m 3 /(m 2 ·s), that is, m·s −1 .
≡ 1 ft/h = 8.4 6 × 10 −5 m/s foot per minute: fpm ≡ 1 ft/min = 5.08 × 10 −3 m/s: foot per second: fps ≡ 1 ft/s = 3.048 × 10 −1 m/s: furlong per fortnight: ≡ furlong/fortnight ≈ 1.663 095 × 10 −4 m/s: inch per hour: iph ≡ 1 in/h = 7.0 5 × 10 −6 m/s inch per minute: ipm ≡ 1 in/min = 4.2 3 × 10 −4 m/s inch per ...
In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.
The solar flux unit is a unit of spectral irradiance equal to 10 −22 W⋅m −2 ⋅Hz −1 (100 yW⋅m −2 ⋅Hz −1). The nox (nx) is a unit of illuminance equal to 1 millilux (1 mlx). The nit (nt) is a unit of luminance equal to one candela per metre squared (1 cd⋅m −2). The lambert (L) is a unit of luminance equal to 10 4 /π cd⋅m ...