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Binder jet 3D printing, known variously as "Powder bed and inkjet" and "drop-on-powder" printing, is a rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing technology for making objects described by digital data such as a CAD file. Binder jetting is one of the seven categories of additive manufacturing processes according to ASTM and ISO. [1]
A binder jetting 3D printer uses particles of a fine-grained powder, which are fused together using a binder, to form a three-dimensional object. [2] In principle, it consists out of two separate chambers: One functions as a reservoir for the powdered material, the other one as the printing chamber.
In binder jetting, a print head selectively deposits a liquid binder on a powdered substrate, layer by layer. The layer height typically varies between 0.2 and 2 mm and determines both the speed and the level of detail in the finished part. Post-processing steps are necessary in binder-jetting once the layered fabrication is complete.
Multi-jet printheads were designed and incorporated by this group. A small company in New Hampshire, R.H. Research, owned by Robert Howard [ 18 ] researched printing from 1982 -1983 and decided the single-nozzle inkjet was a possible fit and he then contacted an inventor at Exxon who named Al Hock as a good choice for this project.
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. [1] [2] [3] It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, [4] with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer.
A demonstration of a sample print, printed by the D-Shape 3D printer. D-Shape is a large 3-dimensional printer that uses a binder-jetting, a layer-by-layer printing process to bind sand with inorganic seawater [1] and magnesium-based binder [2] to create stone-like objects.
A desktop FFF printer made by Stratasys. Fused deposition modeling was developed by S. Scott Crump, co-founder of Stratasys, in 1988. [6] [7] With the 2009 expiration of the patent on this technology, [8] people could use this type of printing without paying Stratasys for the right to do so, opening up commercial, DIY, and open-source 3D printer applications.
Ultrasonic Consolidation (UC) or Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) is a low temperature additive manufacturing or 3D printing technique for metals. [1]UAM part examples: Micro heat exchanger and dissimilar metal part with aluminum and copper.