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Many endotherms have a larger amount of mitochondria per cell than ectotherms. This enables them to generate heat by increasing the rate at which they metabolize fats and sugars . Accordingly, to sustain their higher metabolism, endothermic animals typically require several times as much food as ectothermic animals do, and usually require a ...
Enzymes have been extensively utilized for their antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. [2] Proteolytic enzymes called endolysins have demonstrated particular effectiveness in combating a range of bacteria and are the basis for enzybiotic research. [3] Endolysins are derived from bacteriophages and are highly efficient at lysing bacterial ...
Function: An enzyme that is produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system and is abundant in the secretions of saliva, human milk, tears, and mucus. It functions as an antimicrobial agent by splitting the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which then leads to cell death.
Some bacteria are limited to only one nutritional group, whereas others are facultative and switch from one mode to the other, depending on the nutrient sources available. [16] Sulfur-oxidizing , iron , and anammox bacteria as well as methanogens are chemolithoautotrophs , using inorganic energy, electron, and carbon sources.
The enzymes catalyze the digestion of the food, i.e., diffusion, transport, osmotrophy or phagocytosis. Since digestion occurs outside the cell, it is said to be extracellular. It takes place either in the lumen of the digestive system , in a gastric cavity or other digestive organ, or completely outside the body.
Thermophiles can survive at high temperatures, whereas other bacteria or archaea would be damaged and sometimes killed if exposed to the same temperatures. The enzymes in thermophiles function at high temperatures. Some of these enzymes are used in molecular biology, for example the Taq polymerase used in PCR. [4] "
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. [5] It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
From species within genus Vibrio [4] to Alteromonas, [5] the presence of agarase allows agar-degrading bacteria an abundant food source in the ocean. Research also demonstrates that glucose can inhibit extracellular agarase secretion (but not transcription), causing it to degrade within the cell and thus limit growth of the bacteria. [ 5 ]