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[1] [2] [3] It is used for comparing two or more independent samples of equal or different sample sizes. It extends the Mann–Whitney U test , which is used for comparing only two groups. The parametric equivalent of the Kruskal–Wallis test is the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The Snack Sound Toolkit is a cross-platform library written by Kåre Sjölander of the Swedish Royal Technical University (KTH) with bindings for the scripting languages Tcl, Python, and Ruby. It provides audio I/O, audio analysis and processing functions, such as spectral analysis , pitch tracking , and filtering , and related graphics ...
Suppose is a data set containing elements . is a ranking method applied to .Then the in can be represented as a binary matrix. If the rank of is higher than the rank of , i.e. < , the corresponding position of this matrix is set to value of "1".
MUSIC is a generalization of Pisarenko's method, and it reduces to Pisarenko's method when = +. In Pisarenko's method, only a single eigenvector is used to form the denominator of the frequency estimation function; and the eigenvector is interpreted as a set of autoregressive coefficients, whose zeros can be found analytically or with ...
Another type of normalization is based on a measure of loudness, wherein the gain is changed to bring the average loudness to a target level. This average may be approximate, such as a simple measurement of average power (e.g. RMS), or more accurate, such as a measure that addresses human perception e.g. that defined by EBU R128 and offered by ReplayGain, Sound Check and GoldWave.
For example, if the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are observed, the ranks of these data items would be 2, 3, 1 and 4 respectively. As another example, the ordinal data hot, cold, warm would be replaced by 3, 1, 2. In these examples, the ranks are assigned to values in ascending order, although descending ranks can also be used.
Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a method for predicting the transmission of sound and vibration through complex structural acoustic systems. The method is particularly well suited for quick system level response predictions at the early design stage of a product, and for predicting responses at higher frequencies.
Frequency domain, polyphonic detection is possible, usually utilizing the periodogram to convert the signal to an estimate of the frequency spectrum [4].This requires more processing power as the desired accuracy increases, although the well-known efficiency of the FFT, a key part of the periodogram algorithm, makes it suitably efficient for many purposes.