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  2. Viola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola

    The viola's four strings are normally tuned in fifths: the lowest string is C (an octave below middle C), with G, D, and A above it. This tuning is exactly one fifth below the violin, [ 12 ] so that they have three strings in common—G, D, and A—and is one octave above the cello.

  3. List of musical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols

    Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...

  4. List of Italian musical terms used in English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_musical...

    Viola: viola, orig. Latin vitulari "be joyful" A medium-sized stringed instrument Viola d'amore: love viola: A tenor viol with no frets Viola da braccio: arm viola: A stringed instrument held in the arm, such as a violin or viola Viola da gamba: leg viola: A stringed instrument held between the legs Violoncello Violoncello was the original name ...

  5. Standard tuning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_tuning

    Cello – C 2 G 2 D 3 A 3 (an octave lower than the viola) Double bass – E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2 (ascending perfect fourths, where the highest sounding open string coincides with the G on a cello). Double bass with a low C extension – C 1 E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2 (the same, except for low C, which is a major third below the low E on a standard 4-string ...

  6. Clef - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clef

    A C-clef on the first line of the staff is called the soprano clef. It was used for the right hand of keyboard music (particularly in France – see Bauyn manuscript), in vocal music for sopranos, and sometimes for high viola da gamba parts along with the alto clef. It was used for the second violin part ('haute-contre') in 17th century French ...

  7. Quartal and quintal harmony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartal_and_quintal_harmony

    Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony: the first measure and a half construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes (highlighted in red in the illustration) A–D ♯ –F–B ♭ –E ♭ –A ♭ distributed over the five stringed instruments (the viola must tune down the lowest string by a minor third ...

  8. Kontra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontra

    The kontra can be constructed new, but is most often a classical viola which has undergone several organological changes, for example, thinning ("regraduating") the top, back, and sides to increase the amplitude, and flattening the bridge, which allows the player to sound all three strings at once in order to produce chords.

  9. String section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_section

    In discussions of the instrumentation of a musical work, the phrase "the strings" or "and strings" is used to indicate a string section as just defined. An orchestra consisting solely of a string section is called a string orchestra. Smaller string sections are sometimes used in jazz, pop, and rock music and in the pit orchestras of musical ...

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