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The "implicit join notation" simply lists the tables for joining, in the FROM clause of the SELECT statement, using commas to separate them. Thus it specifies a cross join, and the WHERE clause may apply additional filter-predicates (which function comparably to the join-predicates in the explicit notation).
SELECT is the most complex statement in SQL, with optional keywords and clauses that include: The FROM clause, which indicates the table(s) to retrieve data from. The FROM clause can include optional JOIN subclauses to specify the rules for joining tables. The WHERE clause includes a comparison predicate, which restricts the rows returned by ...
A WHERE clause in SQL specifies that a SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement should only affect rows that meet specified criteria. The criteria are expressed in the form of predicates. WHERE clauses are not mandatory clauses of SQL DML statements, but can be used to limit the number of rows affected by a SQL DML statement or returned ...
SELECT is the most complex statement in SQL, with optional keywords and clauses that include: The FROM clause, which indicates the tables to retrieve data from. The FROM clause can include optional JOIN subclauses to specify the rules for joining tables. The WHERE clause includes a comparison predicate, which restricts the rows returned by the ...
The relational algebra uses set union, set difference, and Cartesian product from set theory, and adds additional constraints to these operators to create new ones.. For set union and set difference, the two relations involved must be union-compatible—that is, the two relations must have the same set of attributes.
Correlated subqueries may appear elsewhere besides the WHERE clause; for example, this query uses a correlated subquery in the SELECT clause to print the entire list of employees alongside the average salary for each employee's department. Again, because the subquery is correlated with a column of the outer query, it must be re-executed for ...
Microsoft SQL Server extends with supporting guards and also with supporting Left Join via WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE clauses. PostgreSQL supports merge since version 15 but previously supported merging via INSERT INTO... ON CONFLICT [conflict_target] conflict_action. [9] CUBRID supports MERGE INTO [10] statement. And supports the use of INSERT...
Support for additional character sets beyond the base requirement for representing SQL statements. New scalar operations such as string concatenation and substring extraction, date and time mathematics, and conditional statements. New set operations such as UNION JOIN, NATURAL JOIN, set differences, and set intersections.