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Nitazoxanide alone has shown preliminary evidence of efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B over a one-year course of therapy. [17] Nitazoxanide 500 mg twice daily resulted in a decrease in serum HBV DNA in all of 4 HBeAg-positive patients, with undetectable HBV DNA in 2 of 4 patients, loss of HBeAg in 3 patients, and loss of HBsAg in one patient.
Pristinamycin , also spelled pristinamycine, is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and to a lesser extent streptococcal infections. It is a streptogramin group antibiotic, similar to virginiamycin, derived from the bacterium Streptomyces pristinaespiralis.
Clarithromycin is primarily used to treat a number of bacterial infections including pneumonia, Helicobacter pylori, and as an alternative to penicillin in strep throat. [3] Other uses include cat scratch disease and other infections due to Bartonella , cryptosporidiosis , as a second line agent in Lyme disease and toxoplasmosis . [ 3 ]
Pentamidine is an antimicrobial medication used to treat African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Balamuthia infections, [2] babesiosis, and to prevent and treat pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in people with poor immune function. [1]
It is used as an antibiotic in the treatment of Lyme disease, [4] acne, [5] and bronchitis. [6] Resistance, though, is gradually becoming more common, [ 7 ] and demeclocycline is now rarely used for treatment of infections.
Imipenem acts as an antimicrobial through inhibiting cell wall synthesis of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It remains very stable in the presence of β-lactamase (both penicillinase and cephalosporinase) produced by some bacteria, and is a strong inhibitor of β-lactamases from some Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics.
Aminocoumarin is a class of antibiotics that act by an inhibition of the DNA gyrase enzyme involved in the cell division in bacteria. They are derived from Streptomyces species, [1] whose best-known representative – Streptomyces coelicolor – was completely sequenced in 2002. [2] The aminocoumarin antibiotics include: [3]
Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic that comes from the actinomycete Streptomyces lincolnensis. [3] A related compound, clindamycin, is derived from lincomycin by using thionyl chloride to replace the 7-hydroxy group with a chlorine atom with inversion of chirality. [4] It was released for medical use in September 1964. [5]