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  2. Continuous cooling transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_cooling...

    A continuous cooling transformation (CCT) phase diagram is often used when heat treating steel. [1] These diagrams are used to represent which types of phase changes will occur in a material as it is cooled at different rates.

  3. Tempering (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempering_(metallurgy)

    Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. Tempering is usually performed after hardening, to reduce some of the excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below the critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool in still air. The exact ...

  4. Heat treating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating

    Steel castings after undergoing 12-hour 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) heat treatment. Complex heat treating schedules, or "cycles", are often devised by metallurgists to optimize an alloy's mechanical properties. In the aerospace industry, a superalloy may undergo five or more different heat treating operations to develop the desired properties.

  5. Precipitation hardening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_hardening

    Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening or particle hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels, stainless steels, and duplex stainless steel.

  6. Isothermal transformation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_transformation...

    TTT diagram of isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel; showing the main components obtained when cooling the steel and its relation with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels. Austenite is slightly undercooled when quenched below Eutectoid temperature. When given more time, stable microconstituents can form: ferrite and ...

  7. Austempering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austempering

    Austempering is heat treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most notably steel and ductile iron. In steel it produces a bainite microstructure whereas in cast irons it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high carbon, stabilized austenite known as ausferrite. It is primarily used to improve mechanical properties or reduce ...

  8. Carburizing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburizing

    Carburizing, or carburising, is a heat treatment process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon while the metal is heated in the presence of a carbon-bearing material, such as charcoal or carbon monoxide. The intent is to make the metal harder and more wear resistant. [1]

  9. Hardened steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardened_steel

    The final result of exactly how hard the steel becomes depends on the amount of carbon present in the metal. Only steel that is high in carbon can be hardened and tempered. If a metal does not contain the necessary quantity of carbon, then its crystalline structure cannot be broken, and therefore the physical makeup of the steel cannot be altered.

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