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The Protocol, after considerable lobbying efforts by WIPO, was signed by many countries, including most of the present members of the Madrid Agreement, and some countries that are members of the European Union, but were not members of the Madrid Agreement.
The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, also known as the Madrid Protocol, is a complementary legal instrument to the Antarctic Treaty signed in Madrid on 4 October 1991. It entered into force on 14 January 1998. The Madrid Protocol designates Antarctica as a "natural reserve, devoted to peace and science" (Art. 2). It ...
[15] [16] The Protocol, otherwise known as the "Madrid Protocol" was set into effect in 1998, and prohibited mining or mineral resource activity in Antarctica. [7] Article 3.2 is similar to the Agreed Measures as it prevents harm to natural Antarctic wildlife.
The main treaty was opened for signature on 1 December 1959, and officially entered into force on 23 June 1961. [4] The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [1]
This is a list of international environmental agreements.. Most of the following agreements are legally binding for countries that have formally ratified them. Some, such as the Kyoto Protocol, differentiate between types of countries and each nation's respective responsibilities under the agreement.
Madrid Agreement can refer to: Madrid system, the international system to facilitate the registration of trademarks; Madrid Accords, a 1975 treaty to end the Spanish presence in Spanish Sahara; Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, or the Madrid Protocol, part of the Antarctic Treaty System
It established property rights and gave special privileges to seven claimant states – including the UK. Focus later shifted from possible resource extraction to environmental protection, the CRAMPA was shelved and in 1998 the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol) [3] came into force. Therefore, the ...
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