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A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals. [5] It has an exponential current–voltage characteristic. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices.
The equation is called the Shockley ideal diode equation when the ideality factor equals 1, thus is sometimes omitted. The ideality factor typically varies from 1 to 2 (though can in some cases be higher), depending on the fabrication process and semiconductor material .
These characteristics are also known as I–V curves, referring to the standard symbols for current and voltage. In electronic components with more than two terminals, such as vacuum tubes and transistors, the current–voltage relationship at one pair of terminals may depend on the current or voltage on a third terminal. This is usually ...
The PIN diode obeys the standard diode equation for low-frequency signals. At higher frequencies, the diode looks like an almost perfect (very linear, even for large signals) resistor. The P-I-N diode has a relatively large stored charge adrift in a thick intrinsic region. At a low-enough frequency, the stored charge can be fully swept and the ...
A p–n junction diode. The circuit symbol is also shown. A p–n junction is a combination of two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, in a single crystal. The "n" (negative) side contains freely-moving electrons, while the "p" (positive) side contains freely-moving electron holes.
The Shockley diode equation relates the diode current of a p-n junction diode to the diode voltage .This relationship is the diode I-V characteristic: = (), where is the saturation current or scale current of the diode (the magnitude of the current that flows for negative in excess of a few , typically 10 −12 A).
1N4001 diode in DO-41 axial package (through hole mount) A schematic symbol for general-purpose silicon rectifier diodes Current-voltage characteristics of a 1N4001 at different temperatures The 1N400x (or 1N4001 or 1N4000 [ 1 ] ) series is a family of popular one- ampere general-purpose silicon rectifier diodes commonly used in AC adapters for ...
A Schottky diode is a single metal–semiconductor junction, used for its rectifying properties. Schottky diodes are often the most suitable kind of diode when a low forward voltage drop is desired, such as in a high-efficiency DC power supply. Also, because of their majority-carrier conduction mechanism, Schottky diodes can achieve greater ...