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The International Fixed Calendar (also known as the Cotsworth plan, the Cotsworth calendar, the Eastman plan or the Yearal) [1] was a proposed reform of the Gregorian calendar designed by Moses B. Cotsworth, first presented in 1902. [2] The International Fixed Calendar divides the year into 13 months of 28 days each.
This is a list of calendars.Included are historical calendars as well as proposed ones. Historical calendars are often grouped into larger categories by cultural sphere or historical period; thus O'Neil (1976) distinguishes the groupings Egyptian calendars (Ancient Egypt), Babylonian calendars (Ancient Mesopotamia), Indian calendars (Hindu and Buddhist traditions of the Indian subcontinent ...
This would mean that in a leap year, 28 June on the International Fixed Calendar would correspond to 16 June on the Gregorian Calendar. Therefore the following day, Leap Day, 29 June on the International Fixed Calendar, which only occurs in leap years, must be 17 June on the Gregorian Calendar, and not 18 June as noted in the chart.
The International Fixed Calendar is a more modern descendant of this calendar: invented by Moses B. Cotsworth and financially backed by George Eastman. [ 8 ] Around 1930, one James Colligan invented the Pax Calendar , which avoids off-calendar days by adding a 7-day leap week to the 364-day common year for 71 out of 400 years.
To justify his calendar reform, which involved removing ten days, in 1582 Pope Gregory XIII claimed that the council had decreed that Easter should be celebrated: on a Sunday, after the nominal Northward equinox – that is the start of spring in the Northern and of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, fixed on 21 March in the Gregorian calendar –,
In a solar calendar a year approximates Earth's tropical year (that is, the time it takes for a complete cycle of seasons), traditionally used to facilitate the planning of agricultural activities. In a lunar calendar, the month approximates the cycle of the moon phase. Consecutive days may be grouped into other periods such as the week.
In addition to the three fixed national holidays, Union Government of India declares additional days as holidays which are largely followed by central government offices and affiliates. In addition to designated fixed holidays, few other days are designated optional from which select number of days can be chosen according to individual convenience.
Unlike the International Fixed Calendar, the Pax calendar has a new year day that differs from the Gregorian New Year's Day. This is a necessary consequence of it intercalating a week rather than a day. The following tables compare the Gregorian dates (left column) of New Year's Day in the Pax Calendar for various years.