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Pregnancy brings about significant and dynamic physiological changes that can impact sleep and contribute to sleep disorders.These changes encompass structural alterations that may affect the length and quality of sleep, disrupt breathing during sleep, and metabolic shifts that raise the risk of restless legs syndrome.
The endometrium is central, echogenic (detectable using ultrasound scanners), and has an average thickness of 6.7 mm. During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number.
When we think of ultrasounds, most of us think of pregnancy. But this noninvasive imaging tool is also used to diagnose other health issues for people who get their periods — like misplaced IUD ...
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb).
Decidualization is a process that results in significant changes to cells of the endometrium in preparation for, and during, pregnancy. This includes morphological and functional changes (the decidual reaction) to endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), the presence of decidual white blood cells (leukocytes), and vascular changes to maternal arteries.
The current formal name established in the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) is delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. Earlier, and still common, names include delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), delayed sleep phase type (DSPT), and circadian rhythm sleep disorder. [37]
Uterine glands or endometrial glands are tubular glands, lined by a simple columnar epithelium, found in the functional layer of the endometrium that lines the uterus. Their appearance varies during the menstrual cycle. During the proliferative phase, uterine glands appear long due to estrogen secretion by the ovaries.
The decrease in the coordination of uterine smooth muscles cells reduces the effectiveness of contractions, causing the uterus to enter a state of uterine quiescence. [8] During the beginning of labour, contractions may initially be intermittent and irregular, [ 7 ] but will transition into a more coordinated pattern as the labour progresses. [ 7 ]