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A variation coil-on-plug ignition has each coil handle two plugs, on cylinders which are 360 degrees out of phase (and therefore reach top dead center (TDC) at the same time); in the four-cycle engine this means that one plug will be sparking during the end of the exhaust stroke while the other fires at the usual time, a so-called "wasted spark ...
Ignition system of a flat-twin Citroën 2CV. A wasted spark system is a type of ignition system used in some four-stroke cycle internal combustion engines.In a wasted spark system, the spark plugs fire in pairs, with one plug in a cylinder on its compression stroke and the other plug in a cylinder on its exhaust stroke.
In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
The battery's charged state is maintained by an automotive alternator or (previously) a generator which uses engine power to create electrical energy storage. The battery supplies electrical power for starting when the engine has a starting motor system, and supplies electrical power when the engine is off. The battery also supplies electrical ...
Induction heating is a non contact method of heating a conductive body by utilising a strong magnetic field.Supply (mains) frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz induction heaters incorporate a coil directly fed from the electricity supply, typically for lower power industrial applications where lower surface temperatures are required.
Engine oil heater attached to the engine's oil pan with magnets. Engine oil heater inserted into the dipstick tube. In-line coolant heaters, which are installed into a radiator hose to warm the coolant (sometimes with a circulation pump to increase its effectiveness). Electric blankets that are laid over the top of the engine.
Since the heater core relies on the coolant's heat to warm the cabin air up, it will not begin working until the engine's coolant warms up enough. This problem can be resolved by equipping the vehicle with an auxiliary heating system , which can either use electricity or burn the vehicle's fuel in order to rapidly bring the engine's coolant to ...
Frontal crash test of a Volvo C30 Drive Electric to assess the safety of the battery pack. Numerous plug-in electric vehicle (EV) fire incidents have taken place since the introduction of mass-production plug-in electric vehicles. [1] In some cases, an EV's battery (at least arguably) caused a fire.