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Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (a polyol) used as a sugar substitute and laxative. It has 75–90% of the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar) and nearly identical properties, except for browning . It is used to replace table sugar because it is half as calorific , does not promote tooth decay, and has a somewhat lesser effect on blood glucose .
Similarly, due to a 1985 report by the E.U. Scientific Committee on Food which states that "ingesting 50 g a day of xylitol can cause diarrhea", tabletop sweeteners (as well as other products containing xylitol) are required to display the warning "Excessive consumption may induce laxative effects". [20]
Hyperosmotic laxatives cause the intestines to hold more water, creating an osmotic gradient, which adds more pressure and stimulates bowel movement. [12] [10] Properties. Site of action: colon; Onset of action: 12–72 hours (oral), 0.25–1 hour (rectal)
While many different things can cause diarrhea—including infections or a more serious gastrointestinal condition—in most cases, it will go away after a few days without the need for treatment.
The unabsorbed sugar alcohols may cause bloating and diarrhea due to their osmotic effect, if consumed in sufficient amounts. [41] They are found commonly in small quantities in some fruits and vegetables, and are commercially manufactured from different carbohydrates and starch. [38] [40] [42]
There are many causes of infectious diarrhea, which include viruses, bacteria and parasites. [29] Infectious diarrhea is frequently referred to as gastroenteritis. [30] Norovirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults, [31] but rotavirus is the most common cause in children under five years old. [32]
Large doses can cause nausea, stomach rumbling, and watery feces. [23] Doses greater than 0.66 g/kg body weight in males and greater than 0.8 g/kg body weight in females cause laxation, [24] and doses over 50 grams (1.8 oz) cause diarrhea. [23] Rarely, erythritol can cause allergic hives . [25]
Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), known also as bile acid diarrhea, is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being chronic diarrhea.It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt malabsorption.
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