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Indeterminate form is a mathematical expression that can obtain any value depending on circumstances. In calculus , it is usually possible to compute the limit of the sum, difference, product, quotient or power of two functions by taking the corresponding combination of the separate limits of each respective function.
This rule uses derivatives to find limits of indeterminate forms 0/0 or ±∞/∞, and only applies to such cases. Other indeterminate forms may be manipulated into this form. Given two functions f(x) and g(x), defined over an open interval I containing the desired limit point c, then if:
Here is a basic example involving the exponential function, which involves the indeterminate form 0 / 0 at x = 0: + = (+) = + = This is a more elaborate example involving 0 / 0 . Applying L'Hôpital's rule a single time still results in an indeterminate form.
[22] Knuth (1992) contends more strongly that 0 0 "has to be 1"; he draws a distinction between the value 0 0, which should equal 1, and the limiting form 0 0 (an abbreviation for a limit of f(t) g(t) where f(t), g(t) → 0), which is an indeterminate form: "Both Cauchy and Libri were right, but Libri and his defenders did not understand why ...
Indeterminate forms are quite common with +-infinity. With only real numbers (i.e. no infinities) there are only 4 indeterminate forms; 0/0, 0 to the 0, the zeroth root of 1, and the logarithm of 1 in base 1. Georgia guy 20:41, 15 May 2016 (UTC) Your latter two are not actually traditional "indeterminate forms".
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, an indeterminate equation is an equation for which there is more than one solution. [1] For example, the equation a x + b y = c {\displaystyle ax+by=c} is a simple indeterminate equation, as is x 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}=1} .
In mathematics, an indeterminate or formal variable is a variable (a symbol, usually a letter) that is used purely formally in a mathematical expression, but does not stand for any value. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ better source needed ]
0 ∞ also is sometimes incorrectly thought to be indeterminate: 0 +∞ =0, and 0-∞ is equivalent to 1/0. Now it reads: The limiting form 0 ∞ is not an indeterminate form. The form 0 +∞ has the limiting value 0 for the given individual limits, and the form 0 −∞ is equivalent to 1/0. The changes made were not for the better.