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English: Clopidogrel (top left) being activated. The active metabolite (top right) has Z configuration at the double bond C3–C16 and possibly R configuration at the newly asymmetric C4. The first step is a cytochrome P450 mediated oxidation; the two structures at the bottom are tautomers of each other; and the final step is a hydrolysis.
Clopidogrel, sold under the brand name Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk. [10] It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent (dual antiplatelet therapy). [10] It is taken by mouth. [10]
In biochemistry and medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa, also known as integrin α IIb β 3) is an integrin complex found on platelets.It is a transmembrane receptor for fibrinogen [1] and von Willebrand factor, and aids platelet activation.
Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The process of coagulation involves activation, adhesion and aggregation of platelets, as well as deposition and maturation of ...
Antiplatelet therapy with one or more of these drugs decreases the ability of blood clots to form by interfering with the platelet activation process in primary hemostasis. Antiplatelet drugs can reversibly or irreversibly inhibit the process involved in platelet activation resulting in decreased tendency of platelets to adhere to one another ...
GPVI is associated with the Fc receptor gamma chain and leads via the activation of a tyrosine kinase cascade finally to the activation of PLC-gamma2 and more calcium release. [citation needed] Tissue factor also binds to factor VII in the blood, which initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade to increase thrombin production. Thrombin is a ...
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
However, many substances are bioactivated by P450s to form their active compounds like the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel and the opiate codeine. The CYP450 enzyme superfamily comprises 57 active subsets, with seven playing roles in the metabolism of most pharmaceuticals. [8]