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The White Racial Identity Model was developed by an African American psychologist, Janet Helms in 1992. [3] It is a racial and ethnic identity model created specifically for people who identify as White. This theory, heavily influenced by William Cross, has become a widely referenced and studied theory on White racial identity development. [4]
White is a racial classification of people generally used for those of predominantly European ancestry.It is also a skin color specifier, although the definition can vary depending on context, nationality, ethnicity and point of view.
White identity has been researched in data and polling, historically and in social sciences. There are however polarized positions in media and academia as to whether a positive white racial identity which does not diminish other racial groups is plausible or achievable in the Western world's political climate. [citation needed]
White Americans (sometimes also called Caucasian Americans) are Americans who identify as white people.In a more official sense, the United States Census Bureau, which collects demographic data on Americans, defines "white" as "[a] person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa".
The 2000 US census states that racial categories "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country. They do not conform to any biological, anthropological or genetic criteria". [5] It defines "white people" as "people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa". [6]
The definitions of both terms are non-race specific, and include people who consider themselves to be of distinct races (Black, White, Amerindian, Asian, and mixed groups). [158] However, there is a common misconception in the US that Hispanic/Latino is a race [ 159 ] or sometimes even that national origins such as Mexican, Cuban, Colombian ...
Religious groups can also go through the process of racialization. [5] Adherents of Judaism , Islam , and Sikhism can be racialized when they are portrayed as possessing certain physical characteristics, despite the fact that many individual adherents of those religions do not possess any of those physical characteristics.
The election of John F. Kennedy, in 1960, was the first time that a white ethnic (Irish Catholic) was elected President of the United States. However, it was not the first time that a white ethnic was nominated for the presidency: Al Smith, also Irish Catholic, was the first to be nominated for president on a major party ticket, in 1928.