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  2. Aether theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether_theories

    In the history of physics, aether theories (or ether theories) proposed the existence of a medium, ... This kinetic theory of matter is a dream, and can be nothing ...

  3. Ether - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether

    They are far less acidic than alpha hydrogens of carbonyl groups (such as in ketones or aldehydes), however. Ethers can be symmetrical of the type ROR or unsymmetrical of the type ROR'. Examples of the former are dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether etc. Illustrative unsymmetrical ethers are anisole (methoxybenzene) and dimethoxyethane.

  4. Einstein-aether theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein-aether_theory

    The existence of a preferred, dynamical time vector breaks the Lorentz symmetry of the theory, more precisely it breaks the invariance under boosts. This symmetry breaking may lead to a Higgs mechanism for the graviton which would alter long distance physics, perhaps yielding an explanation for recent supernova data which would otherwise be ...

  5. Infrared spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy

    Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. It can be used to characterize new materials or identify ...

  6. A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_the_Theories...

    A 1933 portrait of E. T. Whittaker by Arthur Trevor Haddon. The book was originally written in the period immediately following the publication of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis papers and several years following the early work of Max Planck; it was a transitional period for physics, where special relativity and old quantum theory were gaining traction.

  7. Luminiferous aether - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous_aether

    In the 17th century, Robert Boyle was a proponent of an aether hypothesis. According to Boyle, the aether consists of subtle particles, one sort of which explains the absence of vacuum and the mechanical interactions between bodies, and the other sort of which explains phenomena such as magnetism (and possibly gravity) that are, otherwise, inexplicable on the basis of purely mechanical ...

  8. Tetrahedral molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

    In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron.The bond angles are arccos(− ⁠ 1 / 3 ⁠) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane (CH 4) [1] [2] as well as its heavier analogues.

  9. Formulations of special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formulations_of_special...

    This means that the symmetry group of space time is a de Sitter group rather than the Poincaré group. This results in spacetime being slightly curved even in the absence of matter or energy. This residual curvature is caused by a cosmological constant to be determined by observation.