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The most important aspects of CPR are: few interruptions of chest compressions, a sufficient speed and depth of compressions, completely relaxing pressure between compressions, and not ventilating too much. [21] It is unclear if a few minutes of CPR before defibrillation results in different outcomes than immediate defibrillation. [22]
CPR consists of chest compressions followed by rescue breaths - for single rescuer do 30 compressions and 2 breaths (30:2), for > 2 rescuers do 15 compressions and 2 breaths (15:2). The rate of chest compressions should be 100-120 compressions/min and depth should be 1.5 inches for infants and 2 inches for children. [citation needed]
After defibrillation, chest compressions should be continued for two minutes before another rhythm check. [30] This is based on a compression rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, a compression depth of 5–6 centimeters into the chest, full chest recoil, and a ventilation rate of 10 breath ventilations per minute. [30]
The compression depth and force varies per patient. The chest displacement equals a 20% reduction in the anterior-posterior chest depth. The physiological duty cycle is 50%, and it runs in a 30:2, 15:2 or continuous compression mode, which is user-selectable, at a rate of 80 compressions-per-minute.
For this reason, lay rescuers proceed directly to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, starting with chest compressions, which is effectively artificial circulation. In order to simplify the teaching of this to some groups, especially at a basic first aid level, the C for Circulation is changed for meaning CPR or Compressions. [17] [18] [19]
The LUCAS can be used both in and out of the hospital setting. [6] [7] The 2015 European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation does not recommend using mechanical chest compression on a routine basis, but are good alternative for situations where it may be difficult or to maintain continuous high-quality compressions, or when it may be too strenuous on the medic to do so. [8]
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Chest compressions were commenced within 10 minutes; The cardiac arrest duration (collapse to arrival at E&TC [ambiguous]) has been < 60 minutes; The patient is aged between 12 and 70 years; There are no major co-morbidities that would preclude return to independent living; The patient is profoundly hypothermic (<32 °C) due to accidental exposure