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Otoliths (sagittae) are bilaterally symmetrical, with each fish having one right and one left. Separating recovered otoliths into right and left, therefore, allows one to infer a minimum number of prey individuals ingested for a given fish species. Otolith size is also proportional to the length and weight of a fish.
(Endolymph is located in the cochlear duct - the light green region at the middle of the diagram.) illustration of otolith organs showing detail of utricle , ococonia , endolymph, cupula, macula , hair cell filaments, and saccular nerve
The otoliths begin to form shortly after the fish hatches. Otoliths are composed of a crystalline calcium carbonate structure, in the form of aragonite, on a protein matrix. Calcium carbonate is diffused through the endolymph cell membrane and the aragonite layers are permanently deposited in discrete increments. These increments are ...
Cupula of the pleura, related to the lungs; The cervical parietal pleura in the thorax; A layer in the otolith organs; The cupula optica, or optic cup, in embryological development of the eye; Cup-like structure fitted over the eye during electrophysiology study; Suprapleural membrane
The frogs, housed in the centrifuge, are in the liquid loop. Moving from the lung to the frogs, the loop contains water and dissolved oxygen; moving from the frogs back to the lung, it contains water and free CO 2. A double layer of polyurethane foam lining the interior of the centrifuge prevents frog waste matter from fouling the water ...
This developed, in later species, into the lung and (later) the swim bladder, used to keep the fish at neutral buoyancy. [ citation needed ] Acanthodians share with Actinopterygians the characteristic of three otoliths , the sagitta in the sacculus, the asteriscus in the lagena, and the lapillus in the utriculus.
This membrane is weighted with calcium carbonate-protein granules called otoliths. The otolithic membrane adds weight to the tops of the hair cells and increases their inertia. The addition in weight and inertia is vital to the utricle's ability to detect linear acceleration, as described below, and to determine the orientation of the head. [3]
The lungs are the largest organs in the lower respiratory tract. The lungs are suspended within the pleural cavity of the thorax. The pleurae are two thin membranes, one cell layer thick, which surround the lungs. The inner (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and the outer (parietal pleura) lines the inner surface of the chest wall. This ...