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Aortic regurgitation causes both volume overload (elevated preload) and pressure overload (elevated afterload) of the heart. [14] The volume overload, due to elevated pulse pressure and the systemic effects of neuroendocrine hormones causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). [9] There is both concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy in AI.
The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium). Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg suggests blocked arteries due to peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating , which become longer or continuous over time. [ 4 ]
Depending on the patient's health and other variables such as medications taken for rate control, atrial fibrillation may cause heart rates that span from 50 to 250 beats per minute (or even higher if an accessory pathway is present). However, new-onset atrial fibrillation tends to present with rates between 100 and 150 beats per minute. [22]
There are two major classes of cardiac fibrillation: atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of atria. It can be a chronic condition, usually treated with anticoagulation and sometimes with conversion to normal sinus rhythm.
Researchers have found that animals began to exhibit abnormal changes in blood flow after just one day of an artificially generated fast heart rate (designed to simulate a tachyarrythmia). [1] As their TIC progresses, these animals will have worsening heart function (e.g.: reduced cardiac output and reduced ejection fraction ) for 3–5 weeks ...
Atrial fibrillation: Irregular impulses reaching AV node, only some being transmitted. The following types of supraventricular tachycardias are more precisely classified by their specific site of origin. While each belongs to the broad classification of SVT, the specific term/diagnosis is preferred when possible: Sinoatrial origin: [23]
It was originally thought of as having a benign prognosis. In the Framingham Heart Study, however, the presence of a prolonged PR interval or first degree AV block doubled the risk of developing atrial fibrillation, tripled the risk of requiring an artificial pacemaker, and was associated with a small increase in mortality. This risk was ...