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It is generally considered a second-line agent due to its side effect profile. [2] Lamotrigine is considered a first-line agent for the treatment of bipolar depression. It is effective in preventing the recurrence of both mania and depression, but it has not proved useful in treating acute mania. [2]
Oxybutynin, sold under the brand name Ditropan among others, is an anticholinergic medication primarily used to treat overactive bladder.It is widely considered a first-line therapy for overactive bladder due to its well-studied side effect profile, broad applicability, and continued efficacy over long periods of time.
Bipolar disorder; Other names: Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), [1] bipolar illness, manic depression, manic depressive disorder, manic–depressive illness (historical), [2] manic–depressive psychosis, circular insanity (historical), [2] bipolar disease [3] Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania and depression ...
Overactive bladder isn’t a disease but rather a syndrome defined by a collection of symptoms, says Jennifer Linehan, MD, a urologist and associate professor of urologic oncology at the John ...
Bladder training is generally recommended as a first-line treatment for managing urinary incontinence, particularly for individuals with overactive bladder. It is especially useful for patients who prefer non-invasive approaches or who cannot tolerate the side effects of medications. [4]
The global estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults range from 1 to 3 percent. [63] The annual incidence is estimated to vary from 0.3 to 1.2 percent worldwide. [23] According to the World Mental Health Survey Initiative, the lifetime prevalence of BP-II was found to be 0.4%, with a 12-month prevalence of 0.3%. [64]
Bladder sphincter dyssynergia (also known as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) (the ICS standard terminology agreed 1998) [1] and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO)) is a consequence of a neurological pathology such as spinal injury [2] or multiple sclerosis [3] which disrupts central nervous system regulation of the micturition (urination) reflex resulting in dyscoordination of the ...
Bipolar disorder is difficult to diagnose. [2] If a person displays some symptoms of bipolar disorder but not others, the clinician may diagnose bipolar NOS. The diagnosis of bipolar NOS is indicated when there is a rapid change (days) between manic and depressive symptoms and can also include recurring episodes of hypomania. Bipolar NOS may be ...
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