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On 27 August 1975, the Minister of Education and Culture issued a decree which provided a detailed explanation of the changes in the new system and marked the official use of the EYD system. [6] It was formerly known as the Indonesian Spelling System ( Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia , EBI ), often referred to as the Indonesian Spelling System General ...
This spelling replaced the earlier spelling system, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, which was in force from 1901.While it simplified the van Ophuijsen system somewhat (notably with the introduction of the letter u and the removal of diacritics), it retained other aspects of the old system, such as the Dutch-influenced digraphs ch, dj and tj.
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was the Romanized standard orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. [1] Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ) did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script .
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
This saves the recipient's time because they then do not have to open the email. A [1] at the start of the subject line, meaning "one-liner", means the same. Also EOM, above. TLTR, meaning Too Long to read. Used in some corporate emails to request that the email sender re-writes the email body shorter; TBF, meaning (1) To be Forwarded. Used in ...
A period (a.k.a. full stop) is sometimes used to signify abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this convention is best practice. According to Hart's Rules , a word shortened by dropping letters from the end terminates with a period, whereas a word shorted by dropping letters from the middle does not.
Full Form a’ight (informal) alright ain’t (informal) am not / is not / are not / has not / have not / did not (colloquial) [1] amn’t: am not [2] ’n’ / ‘n’ (informal) and arencha (informal) are not you / aren't you (colloquial) aren’t: are not [3] ’bout (informal) about can’t: cannot cap’n (informal) captain ’cause ...
v. — versus. Used when plaintiff is listed first on a case title. John Doe v. Richard Roe. See also "ad." above. "vs." is used in most scholarly writing in other fields, but "v." alone in legal writing. VC or V-C – Postnominals of the Vice-Chancellor of the High Court (England and Wales) VOP - Violation of probation