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IgM: Memory B cells that express IgM can be found concentrated in the tonsils, Peyer's patch, and lymph nodes. [3] This subset of memory B cells is more likely to proliferate and reenter the germinal center during a secondary immune response. [4] IgG: Memory B cells that express IgG typically differentiate into plasma cells. [4]
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. [1] Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), [2] [3] and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an ...
Mature lymphocytes are a critical part of the immune system that, with the exception of memory B and T cells, have short lives measured in days or weeks and must be continuously generated throughout life by cell division and differentiation from cells such as common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) in mice.
After entering a lymph node, they then enter a lymphoid follicle, where they multiply and divide, each producing a different antibody. If a cell is stimulated, it will go on to produce more antibodies (a plasma cell) or act as a memory cell to help the body fight future infection. [27] If a cell is not stimulated, it will undergo apoptosis and ...
Lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) include T cells (subdivided into helper T cells, memory T cells, cytotoxic T cells), B cells (subdivided into plasma cells and memory B cells), and natural killer cells. Historically, white blood cells were classified by their physical characteristics ( granulocytes and agranulocytes ), but this classification ...
Some memory B cells can be activated without T cell help, such as certain virus-specific memory B cells, but others need T cell help. [26] Upon antigen binding, the memory B cell takes up the antigen through receptor-mediated endocytosis, degrades it, and presents it to T cells as peptide pieces in complex with MHC-II molecules on the cell ...
Besides unswitched cells (IgM+), class-switched B cells can be found in the human and rodent marginal zone (IgG+ and IgA+). In humans, MZ B cells express CD27, which is a member of the TNF-receptor family expressed by human memory B cells. [8]
Instead, plasma cells are identified through flow cytometry by their additional expression of CD138, CD78, and the Interleukin-6 receptor. In humans, CD27 is a good marker for plasma cells; naïve B cells are CD27−, memory B-cells are CD27+ and plasma cells are CD27++. [5] The surface antigen CD138 (syndecan-1) is expressed at high levels. [6]