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Chiral separation techniques may be employed to help distinguish the source of the drug, whether prescription amphetamine, prescription amphetamine prodrugs, (e.g., selegiline), over-the-counter drug products that contain levomethamphetamine, [note 20] or illicitly obtained substituted amphetamines.
Levmetamfetamine, also known as L-α,N-dimethyl-β-phenylethylamine or as L-N-methylamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine. [ 2 ] [ 44 ] It is the levorotatory enantiomer of methamphetamine . [ 2 ]
Amphetamine's classification as Schedule II means it has a "high potential for abuse and could lead to psychological or physical dependence." [75] [11] Despite this, the trend in the use of amphetamines (both prescription and illicit) has increased steadily over time. [76]
Prescription stimulant use was defined as adults filling one or more stimulant prescriptions that contained amphetamines and methylphenidate, which is the active ingredient in Ritalin.
Over-the-counter use of substituted amphetamines was initiated in the early 1930s by the pharmaceutical company Smith, Kline & French (now part of GlaxoSmithKline), as a medicine for colds and nasal congestion.
Pseudoephedrine is widely available over-the-counter (OTC) in both single-drug and combination preparations. [30] [22] [13] [2] Availability of pseudoephedrine has been restricted starting in 2005 as it can be used to synthesize methamphetamine. [13] [2] Phenylephrine has replaced pseudoephedrine in many over-the-counter oral decongestant ...
The first patented amphetamine brand, Benzedrine, was a racemic (i.e., equal parts) mixture of the free bases or the more stable sulfate salts of both amphetamine enantiomers (levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine) that was introduced in the United States in 1934 as an inhaler for treating nasal congestion. [2]
In this study, “high dosage” referred to 30 milligrams (mg) or more of amphetamines. The researchers also concluded that people taking any prescription amphetamine had a 63% higher risk of ...