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The APZ (Abnormal Mental States) questionnaire is one of the most widely used psychometric scales for assessing subjective experiences of altered states of consciousness. [1] First published in 1998 by Adolf Dittrich, the APZ questionnaire comprises three dimensions: "Oceanic Boundlessness (OSE)", "Dread of Ego Dissolution (AIA)" and "Visionary ...
Some define disorders of consciousness as any change from complete self-awareness to inhibited or absent self-awareness and arousal. This category generally includes minimally conscious state and persistent vegetative state, but sometimes also includes the less severe locked-in syndrome and more severe but rare chronic coma.
An altered level of consciousness is any measure of arousal other than normal. Level of consciousness (LOC) is a measurement of a person's arousability and responsiveness to stimuli from the environment. [1] A mildly depressed level of consciousness or alertness may be classed as lethargy; someone in this state can be aroused with little ...
Consciousness is an ambiguous term. It can be used to mean self consciousness, awareness, the state of being awake, and so on. Chalmers uses Thomas Nagel's definition of consciousness: "the feeling of what it is like to be something." Consciousness, in this sense, is synonymous with experience. [31] [27]
Because minimally conscious state is a relatively new criterion for diagnosis, there are very few functional imaging studies of patients with this condition. Preliminary data has shown that overall cerebral metabolism is less than in those with conscious awareness (20–40% of normal [3]) and is slightly higher but comparable to those in vegetative states.
The altered state of consciousness may be explained by a hypersynchronous delta activity (see delta wave) in network involving the frontoparietal cortices (suggesting to be "asleep"), and higher frequency activities in sensorimotor, orbitofrontal, and temporal lateral cortices (suggesting an "awakening").
When I say every 'state' or 'thought' is part of a personal consciousness, 'personal consciousness' is one of the terms in question. Its meaning we know so long as no one asks us to define it, but to give an accurate account of it is the most difficult of philosophic tasks.
Obtundation is mild to moderate alertness reduction (altered level of consciousness) with decreased interest in the environment and slower than normal reactivity to stimulation. [citation needed] It is distinguished from the much stronger states of unresponsiveness of stupor and coma.