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  2. Reduction potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_potential

    In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...

  3. Cycloaddition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloaddition

    In this notation, a Diels-Alder reaction is a (4+2)cycloaddition and a 1,3-dipolar addition such as the first step in ozonolysis is a (3+2)cycloaddition. The IUPAC preferred notation however, with [i+j+...] takes electrons into account and not atoms. In this notation, the DA reaction and the dipolar reaction both become a [4+2]cycloaddition.

  4. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Illustration of a redox reaction Sodium chloride is formed through the redox reaction of sodium metal and chlorine gas. Redox reactions can be understood in terms of the transfer of electrons from one involved species (reducing agent) to another (oxidizing agent). In this process, the former species is oxidized and the latter is reduced. Though ...

  5. Enzyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme

    EC 1, Oxidoreductases: catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions; EC 2, Transferases: transfer a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group) EC 3, Hydrolases: catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds; EC 4, Lyases: cleave various bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation; EC 5, Isomerases: catalyze isomerization changes within a ...

  6. Singlet oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_oxygen

    Another method uses a reaction of hydrogen peroxide with sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution: [19] H 2 O 2 + NaOCl → O 2 (1 Δ g) + NaCl + H 2 O. A retro-Diels Alder reaction of the diphenylanthracene peroxide can also yield singlet oxygen, along with an diphenylanthracene: [22] Retro-Diels Alder formation of singlet oxygen

  7. Electrolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis

    The reaction at the anode results in chlorine gas from chlorine ions: 2 Cl − → Cl 2 + 2 e −. The reaction at the cathode results in hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions: 2 H 2 O + 2 e − → H 2 + 2 OH −. Without a partition between the electrodes, the OH − ions produced at the cathode are free to diffuse throughout the electrolyte to the ...

  8. Activated sludge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge

    Activated sludge tank at Beckton sewage treatment plant, UK.The white bubbles are due to the diffused air aeration system. The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.

  9. Methylene blue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_blue

    The formation of methylene blue after the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and iron(III) at pH 0.4 – 0.7 is used to determine by photometric measurements sulfide concentration in the range 0.020 to 1.50 mg/L (20 ppb to 1.5 ppm). [62]