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  2. Reduction potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_potential

    In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...

  3. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation state of atoms and reduction as a decrease in oxidation state. In practice, the transfer of electrons will always change the oxidation state, but there are many reactions that are classed as "redox" even though no electron transfer occurs (such as those involving covalent bonds). [28] [29]

  4. Enzyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme

    EC 1, Oxidoreductases: catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions; EC 2, Transferases: transfer a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group) EC 3, Hydrolases: catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds; EC 4, Lyases: cleave various bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation; EC 5, Isomerases: catalyze isomerization changes within a ...

  5. Denitrification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denitrification

    Reduction under anoxic conditions can also occur through process called anaerobic ammonium oxidation : [33] NH 4 + + NO 2 − → N 2 + 2 H 2 O In some wastewater treatment plants , compounds such as methanol , ethanol , acetate , glycerin , or proprietary products are added to the wastewater to provide a carbon and electron source for ...

  6. Activated sludge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge

    Activated sludge tank at Beckton sewage treatment plant, UK.The white bubbles are due to the diffused air aeration system. The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.

  7. Electrolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis

    The reaction at the anode results in chlorine gas from chlorine ions: 2 Cl − → Cl 2 + 2 e −. The reaction at the cathode results in hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions: 2 H 2 O + 2 e − → H 2 + 2 OH −. Without a partition between the electrodes, the OH − ions produced at the cathode are free to diffuse throughout the electrolyte to the ...

  8. Homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis

    Copper's essentiality is due to its ability to act as an electron donor or acceptor as its oxidation state fluxes between Cu 1+ and Cu 2+ . As a component of about a dozen cuproenzymes , copper is involved in key redox (i.e., oxidation-reduction) reactions in essential metabolic processes such as mitochondrial respiration, synthesis of melanin ...

  9. Palladium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium

    Palladium(0), as well as palladium(II), are catalysts in coupling reactions, as has been recognized by the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki. Such reactions are widely practiced for the synthesis of fine chemicals.