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Mercklein's rose engine, 1780 A rose engine was used to produce the complex background and border patterns of early British postage stamps. A rose engine lathe is a specialized kind of geometric lathe. The head stock rocks back and forth with a rocking motion and/or slides along the spindle axis in a pumping motion.
A straight line engine turning machine is a machine used for engraving decorative patterns on a surface. The engraving may be referred to as Guilloché, which also encompasses patterns created with the rose engine lathe. [1] Where the rose engine is based on a lathe, the straight line engine has more in common with a metal planer machine.
Guilloché (French:), or guilloche (/ ɡ ɪ ˈ l oʊ ʃ /), is a decorative technique in which a very precise, intricate and repetitive pattern is mechanically engraved into an underlying material via engine turning, which uses a machine of the same name. Engine turning machines may include the rose engine lathe and also the straight-line ...
The perlée pattern on the metal panels is one type of engine turning. Engine turning is a form of ornamental turning. The finishing technique may use lathes or engines to produce a pattern. Aluminium is often the metal chosen to decorate. The technique has been used in various industries, including aircraft and document verification.
Ornamental turning is believed to have originated in Bavaria in the latter part of the 15th century when it consisted mostly of rose-work, being done by using a cam or template (called a rosette) mounted on the lathe spindle and allowing the headstock to rock under tension of a spring or weight, to follow the contour on the edge of the rosette: also the spindle was allowed to slide to and fro ...
It was developed early in the nineteenth century when efforts were introduced to combat forgery, and is an adaptation of an ornamental turning lathe. The lathe was able to generate intersecting and interlacing patterns of fine lines in various shapes, which were almost impossible to forge by hand-engraving. They were used by many national mints.
Lathes and hand tools The Holtzapffel dynasty of tool and lathe makers was founded in Long Acre , London by a Strasbourg-born turner, Jean-Jacques Holtzapffel, [ 1 ] in 1794. The firm specialized in lathes for ornamental turning but also made a name for its high-quality edge and boring tools.
The ten-yearly censuses log the firm's growth: in 1861 Thomas was a tool manufacturer employing 95 men and 30 boys; in 1871 he had 200 men working for him; and in 1881 300 men. By 1899 the firm had been incorporated as Alexander Mathieson & Sons Ltd , notwithstanding the fact that only Alexander's son Thomas appears ever to have joined the firm.
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