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The gastrocnemius muscle is prone to spasms, which are painful, involuntary contractions of the muscle that may last several minutes. [5] A severe ankle dorsiflexion force may result in a Medial Gastrocnemius Strain (MGS) injury of the muscle, commonly referred to as a "torn" or "strained" calf muscle, which is acutely painful and disabling. [6]
Sometimes, the SSV joins the common gastrocnemius vein before draining in the popliteal vein. [2] Sometimes, it does not make contact with the popliteal vein, but goes up to drain in the GSV at a variable level. [1] Instead of draining in the popliteal vein, it can merge with the Giacomini vein and drain in the GSV at the superior 1/3 of the thigh.
A burst cyst commonly causes calf pain, swelling and redness that may mimic thrombophlebitis. A specimen from a cadaver of a Baker's cyst in popliteal space Baker's cyst on axial MRI with communicating channel between the semimembranosus muscle and the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
Along the side of the muscle, and superficial to it, is the small saphenous vein. The sural nerve accompanies the small saphenous vein as it descends in the posterior leg, traveling inferolateral to it as it crosses the lateral border of the Achilles tendon. [12] The tendon is the thickest tendon in the human body. [11]
The permeability and compressibility of the superficial vein system (SVS), the presence or absence of superficial insufficiency, and in which veins or vein segments; Which perforator veins are continent or insufficient; The presence or absence of shunts; Mapping the insufficient veins, flux direction, shunts, and perforators. [27] [nb 4]
The great saphenous vein (GSV) or long saphenous vein (/ s ə ˈ f iː n ə s /) is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb, returning blood from the foot , leg and thigh to the deep femoral vein at the femoral triangle .
The lower leg is divided into four compartments by the interosseous membrane of the leg, the anterior intermuscular septum, the transverse intermuscular septum and the posterior intermuscular septum.
This valvular incompetence combined with persistent venous obstruction from thrombus increases the pressure in veins and capillaries. Venous hypertension induces a rupture of small superficial veins, subcutaneous hemorrhage [7] and an increase of tissue permeability. That is manifested by pain, swelling, discoloration, and even ulceration.