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In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies, [88] which many Roma consider to be an ethnic slur. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [ 92 ]
The Romani, or Roma, are a nomadic ethnic group, often pejoratively referred to as Gypsies, ... Gypsy Life in America (University of Illinois Press, 1988).
The Romani people, also referred to as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group that primarily lives in Europe. The Romani may have migrated from what is the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, [1] migrating to the northwest (the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent) around 250 BC. [1]
The Romanichal (UK: / ˈ r ɒ m ə n ɪ tʃ æ l / US: /-n i-/; more commonly known as English Gypsies) are a Romani subgroup within the United Kingdom and other parts of the English-speaking world. Many Romanichal speak Angloromani , a mixed language that blends Romani vocabulary with English syntax.
Philip II decreed in 1570 a ban on the entry of Gypsies into America and ordered the return of those already sent. [31] There is a known case of a Gypsy blacksmith (Jorge Leal) who obtained authorization to travel to Cuba in 1602. [32] Meanwhile, in Spain a new law ordered Roma people to sedentarize under penalty of six years in the galleys (1539).
As time elapsed, the notion of "the gipsy/gypsy" altered to include other associated stereotypes such as nomadism and exoticism. [27] John Matthews in The World Atlas of Divination refer to gypsies as "Wise Women". [28] Colloquially, gipsy/gypsy is used refer to any person perceived by the speaker as fitting the gypsy stereotypes. [29]
Romani culture encompasses the regional cultures of the Romani people, an Indo-Aryan ethnic group originating in northwest India. [1] These cultures have developed through complex histories of interaction with their surrounding populations. [2] [3] Romani people constitute the largest ethnic minority in Europe. [4]
Romani people have been recorded in the United Kingdom since at least the early 16th century. There are estimated to be around 225,000 Romani people residing in the UK. This includes the Romanichal, Kale (Welsh Roma), Scottish Lowland Roma and a sizeable population of Roma from Central and Eastern Europe, who immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s and after EU expansion in 2004.