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Head CT showing periventricular white matter lesions. Leukoaraiosis is a particular abnormal change in appearance of white matter near the lateral ventricles. It is often seen in aged individuals, but sometimes in young adults. [1] [2] On MRI, leukoaraiosis changes appear as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in T2 FLAIR images.
[4] [5] If lumbar puncture is performed this may show increased protein levels but no white blood cells. [1] [3] [4] Computed tomography scanning may be performed in the first instance; this may show low density white matter areas in the posterior lobes. [4] The diagnosis is typically made with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the TREX1, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, RNASEH2A, ADAR1, SAMHD1, IFIH1, LSM11, or RNU7-1 gene. HIV encephalopathy (encephalopathy associated with HIV infection and AIDS, characterized by atrophy and ill-defined white matter hyperintensity).
“White matter hyperintensities specifically refer to lesions found in the white matter tracts of the brain, i.e., the cables connecting neurons, and are an imaging biomarker for diseases ...
For example, deep white matter hyperintensities are 2.5 to 3 times more likely to occur in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder than control subjects. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] WMH volume, calculated as a potential diagnostic measure, has been shown to correlate to certain cognitive factors. [ 5 ]
Symptoms include sudden increase in blood pressure, acute confusional state, headaches, vomiting, and seizure. Retinal hemorrhages and hard exudates may be present on funduscopic exam. Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy may have concurrent cardiac ischemia and hematuria.
This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g., back pain), signs (e.g., aphasia) and syndromes (e.g., Aicardi syndrome). There is disagreement over the definitions and criteria used to delineate various disorders and whether some of these conditions should be classified as ...
Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, [1] is a form of small-vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. [2] White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. [3]