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Open-bath immersion cooling is a data center cooling technique that implies fully submerging IT equipment in dielectric liquid. The "open" aspect does not refer to an open or sealed system, but refers to the "open" liquid-air interface and thus surface tension between the liquid and the air is a distinctive element. [30]
The company’s patented immersion cooling technology radically simplifies the deployment of data center cooling infrastructure. By eliminating the need for chillers, CRACs, air handlers, humidity controls, and other conventional cooling components, enterprises reduce their data center design, build, energy, and maintenance costs.
Liquid cooling is typically combined with air cooling, using liquid cooling for the hottest components, such as CPUs or GPUs, while retaining the simpler and cheaper air cooling for less demanding components. The IBM Aquasar system uses hot water cooling to achieve energy efficiency, the water being used to heat buildings as well. [40] [41]
The former pertains to the category that utilizes cold plate cooling, which uses water as coolant while, in the latter (also referred to as liquid immersion cooling), the surface of the chips comes in contact with the liquid since there is no wall separating the heat source from the coolant. [2]
A key part of being environmentally friendly was the focus of attempting to lower the output of carbon dioxide emissions. 50% of an air-cooled data center's energy consumption and carbon pollution actually comes from the cooling system of the data centers rather than from the actual computing process. The creation of the Aquasar started in 2009.
The experiment compared the effectiveness of mitigating temperature generated by the WAAM between natural cooling, passive cooling, and near immersion active cooling. Natural cooling used air, passive cooling used a cooling liquid that stays on a fixed level, and NIAC used a cooling liquid that rises based on the actions of the WAAM. [11]
Close Coupled Cooling is a last generation cooling system particularly used in data centers. The goal of close coupled cooling is to bring heat transfer closest to its source: the equipment rack. By moving the air conditioner closer to the equipment rack a more precise delivery of inlet air and a more immediate capture of exhaust air is ensured.
A hospital in Sweden relies on snow-cooling from melt-water to cool its data centers, medical equipment, and maintain a comfortable ambient temperature. [44] Some nuclear reactors use heavy water as coolant. Heavy water is employed in nuclear reactors because it is a weaker neutron absorber. This allows for the use of less-enriched fuel.