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A class-B push–pull amplifier is more efficient than a class-A power amplifier because each output device amplifies only half the output waveform and is cut off during the opposite half. It can be shown that the theoretical full power efficiency (AC power in load compared to DC power consumed) of a push–pull stage is approximately 78.5%.
The diamond buffer or diamond follower is a four-transistor, two-stage, push-pull, translinear emitter follower, or less commonly source follower, in which the input transistors are folded, or placed upside-down with respect to the output transistors. [3]
The LM13700 is an integrated circuit (IC) containing two current-controlled operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), each having differential inputs and a push-pull output. [1] Linearizing diodes at the input can optionally be used by applying a bias current into I bias to reduce distortion and allow increased input levels.
Output column – a blank cell means a "totem pole" output, also known as a push–pull output, with the ability to drive ten standard inputs of the same logic subfamily (fan-out N O = 10). Outputs with higher output currents are often called drivers or buffers.
I3C uses open-drain mode when necessary for compatibility, but switches to push-pull outputs whenever possible, and includes protocol changes to make it possible more often than in I²C. SCL is a conventional digital clock signal, driven with a push-pull output by the
Open-drain comparators are more suitable for mixed-voltage system design. Since the output has high impedance for logic high level, open-drain comparators can also be used to connect multiple comparators to a single bus. Push–pull output does not need a pull-up resistor and can also source current, unlike an open-drain output.
If push–pull output was mistakenly used instead, the active device attempting to set the line voltage low would be in competition with the other devices attempting to set the line voltage high, which would result in unpredictable output and heat. SCSI-1 devices use open collector for electrical signaling. [9] SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 may use EIA-485.
To solve the problem with the high output resistance of the simple output stage the second schematic adds to this a "totem-pole" ("push–pull") output. It consists of the two n-p-n transistors V 3 and V 4 , the "lifting" diode V 5 and the current-limiting resistor R 3 (see the figure on the right).